The Data Retention Directive
The Directive is a reaction to what happend i New York (2001), Madrid(2004) and London(2005) from the terror organisation Al- Qaida. Government in the EU wanted a tool in the fight against crime. The Directive was adopted by the EU in 2006.
April 2011 with the votes from the Conservative and Labour parties, Norway has adopted the Data Retention Directive. The directive is part of Norwegian law and part of the EEA Agreement. What is the Directive about? Norway is required to monitor and store data and telecommunications for at least 6 months and a maximum of 2 years. What is stored?
It`s stored when you called, who you called and where you were when you called, what equipment you are calling from and more. But it will not be stored what is being said. In addition to SMS, emails, and phone contacts, it can be monitored and stored by service providers such as Telenor, Netcom, etc. The intention is that it will be easier for the police to get hold of criminals, both in Norway and abroad. Opponents believe that privacy is violated by the law. All are potential criminals, and everything you do on the internet and telephony is being stored. Where you go, who you talk with and whom you send e-mails to are stored.
But It is required that there must be a suspicion of a crime against specific persons and there must be a court injunction to get the new information provided. The sentence must be up to three years to get access to data stored.
Both and the Czech Republic has concluded that the directive is in conflict with the laws. This is because that the right to confidential correspondence is not preserved, and that it is against the constitution. Also the German Supreme Court has been been suspicious of the way the directive is implemented in attempted German constitution.
onsdag 18. mai 2011
mandag 16. mai 2011
Intellectual property
Intellectual property (IP) refers to Creations of the mind: Inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs unusual in commerce. (Source: wipo.int)
Intellectual Property covers mainly two areas:
1) industrial property-patents, trademarks, industrial patterns, geography indication to sources.
2) Copyright literary and artistic works such as novels, poems, drama, film, painting, design, photography, sculptures.
For me it's mainly music I think in the connection with IP. On web 2.0, you can download and share music that others have created. File sharing such as BitTorrent, LimeWire and Piratbay are programs that allow free download. Is this legal or illegal?
Much of the downloadable music and other software is illegal, to share with friends online. You can get fined and go to jail for up to 3 years. He who has created the music has not given his consent to this, and gets no paid for the work. It can be difficult to live off making music or programs because of this.
But there are ways to download music legal. You pay for the song you download, or for the entire album.
I do not think the problem is knowing what is legal and not legal to download. People know that. Many have pointed to the solution to block file sharing as a way to end the problem. I do not think this is the way to go. Napster is an example of this. Napster was closed, and the people who created Napster was brought to trial and lost the case. Napster was shut down for a period, while other networks occurred or continued with their activities.
I think information and campaigns can be the way to go to educate people about the consequences of piracy for the copyright owner and the consumer.
What about music that is downloaded? Can it be used freely? Can you use it on a website on the internet or other public places. The answer is no. In private use you can do as you want, but if the music is used in public, there are other rules. In Norway, TONO protects authors and music publisher's rights. Since Norway is affiliated with the Berne Convention and the Berne Convention's provisions are implemented in the Copyright Act for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and through reciprocity agreements with similar companies in other countries, administers TONO in practice throughout the world repertoire. The law gives the author the exclusive right to work and agree to use the work in the public when the work is performed outside private area. The exclusive right lasts for 70 years after the author's death. Provisions of the Convention are effectively implemented in the Copyright Act. Tono can allow to use the music outside private area against payment. This must be done between Tono and those who will use the music. Tono collects compensation for performance of music by applicable rules. Considerations are different, it is depended on if the music is performed or played in a shop, hotel, cafe, fitness center, television and radio, concerts, church services, etc. The money is then distributed to the licensees in the performed works.
Intellectual Property covers mainly two areas:
1) industrial property-patents, trademarks, industrial patterns, geography indication to sources.
2) Copyright literary and artistic works such as novels, poems, drama, film, painting, design, photography, sculptures.
For me it's mainly music I think in the connection with IP. On web 2.0, you can download and share music that others have created. File sharing such as BitTorrent, LimeWire and Piratbay are programs that allow free download. Is this legal or illegal?
Much of the downloadable music and other software is illegal, to share with friends online. You can get fined and go to jail for up to 3 years. He who has created the music has not given his consent to this, and gets no paid for the work. It can be difficult to live off making music or programs because of this.
But there are ways to download music legal. You pay for the song you download, or for the entire album.
I do not think the problem is knowing what is legal and not legal to download. People know that. Many have pointed to the solution to block file sharing as a way to end the problem. I do not think this is the way to go. Napster is an example of this. Napster was closed, and the people who created Napster was brought to trial and lost the case. Napster was shut down for a period, while other networks occurred or continued with their activities.
I think information and campaigns can be the way to go to educate people about the consequences of piracy for the copyright owner and the consumer.
What about music that is downloaded? Can it be used freely? Can you use it on a website on the internet or other public places. The answer is no. In private use you can do as you want, but if the music is used in public, there are other rules. In Norway, TONO protects authors and music publisher's rights. Since Norway is affiliated with the Berne Convention and the Berne Convention's provisions are implemented in the Copyright Act for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and through reciprocity agreements with similar companies in other countries, administers TONO in practice throughout the world repertoire. The law gives the author the exclusive right to work and agree to use the work in the public when the work is performed outside private area. The exclusive right lasts for 70 years after the author's death. Provisions of the Convention are effectively implemented in the Copyright Act. Tono can allow to use the music outside private area against payment. This must be done between Tono and those who will use the music. Tono collects compensation for performance of music by applicable rules. Considerations are different, it is depended on if the music is performed or played in a shop, hotel, cafe, fitness center, television and radio, concerts, church services, etc. The money is then distributed to the licensees in the performed works.
tirsdag 12. april 2011
Money and blogging
More and more people start using blogging to communicate about their interests. Whether it is the fashion industry or on topics they would like to write about. In Norway there are 350,000 bloggers. More and more people see the chance to cash in on their blog. Especially young people seem to let themselves be tempted by this opportunity. Although not all bloggers can be "top bloggers", there are some who earn some money at blogging. A "top blogs" can make millions in business.
Isabella Löwengrip (17) should, according to Swedish media, earn five million dollars on advertising revenue in the year. Although most do not earn such amounts that income may be from a few hundred dollars a month to up to 100 000 per month. It makes it attractive for many to explore this possibility.
For the most part, these money came from various advertisers. You can blog about a website, a product or service. Simple huh?
In principle, this seems like easy money, and thus many are tempted by this. Even children as young as 12 years of age and perhaps even lower, are tempted by the opportunity for what they believe is easily earned money. Advertisers have found a new way of hitting the target even better than ads in magazines and newspapers. One of the primary and most fundamental goals of a blog is not to monetize the blog, but the freedom to express what one thinks without limitations. The blog is about to become something else? Can capitalism be a threat and an obstacle to freedom of emergency in the future? Will we be more interested in writing about topics that makes us earn money, rather than what occupying us? Is there a limit to this and if so where does it go? Do we want such a development?
Isabella Löwengrip (17) should, according to Swedish media, earn five million dollars on advertising revenue in the year. Although most do not earn such amounts that income may be from a few hundred dollars a month to up to 100 000 per month. It makes it attractive for many to explore this possibility.
For the most part, these money came from various advertisers. You can blog about a website, a product or service. Simple huh?
In principle, this seems like easy money, and thus many are tempted by this. Even children as young as 12 years of age and perhaps even lower, are tempted by the opportunity for what they believe is easily earned money. Advertisers have found a new way of hitting the target even better than ads in magazines and newspapers. One of the primary and most fundamental goals of a blog is not to monetize the blog, but the freedom to express what one thinks without limitations. The blog is about to become something else? Can capitalism be a threat and an obstacle to freedom of emergency in the future? Will we be more interested in writing about topics that makes us earn money, rather than what occupying us? Is there a limit to this and if so where does it go? Do we want such a development?
mandag 11. april 2011
Children and blogging
Children can make money on their blog. Anything from a few hundred dollars to several thousand within a month. What they need to do is to blog about a website, a product or service. You can write blogs about products your advertiser sells. For example, it may be that they must be willing to post pictures of themselves in certain types of clothing. Using a special makeup and so on. We see examples of bloggers post videos about their makeup and how they are styling. Readers seem to love this. Each week, "cliché child" has up to 60,000 views a week. Advertisers know that this is a good way to hit the target. What is the problem with this? As I have mentioned earlier, children in 12 years of age (and probably less) attracted to what they believe is easily earned money. Children want to be older and they want to do as the adults.
Children and young people can easily do things they don’t understand the consequences of. There will always be someone out there who are willing to misuse children and young people's naivety for their own gain. Maybe the girls are most vulnerable since it´s makeup and fashion that gives the most views of the blogs. Focus on body and appearance is a product that can be bought and sold. Warning lights are flashing!
Children and young people can easily do things they don’t understand the consequences of. There will always be someone out there who are willing to misuse children and young people's naivety for their own gain. Maybe the girls are most vulnerable since it´s makeup and fashion that gives the most views of the blogs. Focus on body and appearance is a product that can be bought and sold. Warning lights are flashing!
mandag 14. februar 2011
Who dominates social media?
Who dominates social media?
After I started using Facebook in education, I wondered why girls use Facebook (FB) more than boys? Is this a coincidence or is it that girls are better at using social media? I also wondered about the age group that most frequently use social media?
An American study shows the use of the internet
I start with the last question. After searching the internet I have come across several surveys. One of these studies is conducted by kunsulentguiden, it is remarkable that social media is mostly used by "middle-aged" people, users who are between 34 and 44 years old. 25% of those using social media in this age group. In comparison, only 3% are 65 years or older. I had thought that social media was dominated by young people as they often are perceived as technical talented, and grew up with various gadgets. It is surprising that no social networking has the age group below 25 years as its largest group.
The girls the new media pioneers
According to several Norwegian reports it is girls who use social media the most. The girls accompanied the studies first to make use of social and mobile services. The reason that it is pointed out, is that girls create relationships by talking with each other, while boys create relationships by doing things together. The same seems to apply to women and men
The differences become even greater if we look at who blogs most of girls and boys. Here, studies show that there are over twice as many girls as boys that blogs. The girls are sending more SMS than boys. Girls also uploads and downloads more images than boys do. This means that girls are better than boys in creating content on internett. Girls use of social media is more powerful than VG, Dagbladet and Google together according vergil.no
Are the boys all left behind?
Not quite. Boys uses social media but to a lesser degree, and not as regularly as girls. If you include Youtube in view it is referred boys who use Youtube most. Boys seem to spend more time on computer games than girls. Almost twice as much time as girls. Although computer games do not belong under the category of social media, new technologies, games and social media will be more closely connected with each other in the future. Maybe this will make the boys want to use social media more than they do today? From what I've found on the internet, it is perhaps not surprising that boys do not use FB in educations purpose as often as girls. Do I need to post links to games for the boys to use FB? Is there a solution to this? What do you mean?
After I started using Facebook in education, I wondered why girls use Facebook (FB) more than boys? Is this a coincidence or is it that girls are better at using social media? I also wondered about the age group that most frequently use social media?
An American study shows the use of the internet
I start with the last question. After searching the internet I have come across several surveys. One of these studies is conducted by kunsulentguiden, it is remarkable that social media is mostly used by "middle-aged" people, users who are between 34 and 44 years old. 25% of those using social media in this age group. In comparison, only 3% are 65 years or older. I had thought that social media was dominated by young people as they often are perceived as technical talented, and grew up with various gadgets. It is surprising that no social networking has the age group below 25 years as its largest group.
The girls the new media pioneers
According to several Norwegian reports it is girls who use social media the most. The girls accompanied the studies first to make use of social and mobile services. The reason that it is pointed out, is that girls create relationships by talking with each other, while boys create relationships by doing things together. The same seems to apply to women and men
The differences become even greater if we look at who blogs most of girls and boys. Here, studies show that there are over twice as many girls as boys that blogs. The girls are sending more SMS than boys. Girls also uploads and downloads more images than boys do. This means that girls are better than boys in creating content on internett. Girls use of social media is more powerful than VG, Dagbladet and Google together according vergil.no
Are the boys all left behind?
Not quite. Boys uses social media but to a lesser degree, and not as regularly as girls. If you include Youtube in view it is referred boys who use Youtube most. Boys seem to spend more time on computer games than girls. Almost twice as much time as girls. Although computer games do not belong under the category of social media, new technologies, games and social media will be more closely connected with each other in the future. Maybe this will make the boys want to use social media more than they do today? From what I've found on the internet, it is perhaps not surprising that boys do not use FB in educations purpose as often as girls. Do I need to post links to games for the boys to use FB? Is there a solution to this? What do you mean?
tirsdag 1. februar 2011
My experience with the use of Facebook (FB) in school.
My experience with the use of Facebook (FB) in school.
In this first of two blogs, I will in this blog share experiences on the use of Facebook in school.
Here is the school where I work.
Why do I want to use (FB) in teaching?
In most classes where I teach, the number of pupils is between 28 and 30. This means that I rarely manage to have equal contact with all students during a lesson. Just as often I feel that I have not "seen" all the students and didn`t reach to help each pupil. Therefore, I would test out the FB to see if this could be of any help.
In brief, was the philosophy that I would meet the students in their area, namely the use of social media. In this way I would both be available as a teacher and also learn to know the pupils better. I chose to test this out in a 9.class, the subject was science. Before I created a group on FB I discussed with the class what the purpose was and what thoughts the pupils had about this. In short, the class felt that this was a good idea. Then they could meet each other in a common room at FB and see me as a teacher. The students did not want this to be an open group, but only class students and few teachers would have access.
After the FB group was created, there were much activity. Only 3 students chose not to join. 2 students were not allowed to be on the FB by their parents, and one pupil didn`t want to. Beforehand, I had decided that I would not accept that the students were my personal friends on FB. In the beginning there were many who wanted to be. After I had discussed this with the class and explained why I would distinguish between personal and business, there were no more requests.
"The Facebook song"
Use of FB in the class?
To try to keep this from being a place where the students only use FB for social issues, like talking to each other, I chose to start with technical questions and I wanted feedback. This proved to be wise. The students were quick to provide feedback on what was discussed in the post. Eventually, the students were also quick to come with questions to me and with questions to other students. Many students use FB to get help with their homework. This worked well at times. After a while, students began using the forum to ask for help in other subjects too. Some students have become very good at sharing and helping others with homework. Also, questions that are of a more administrative nature will be clarified in the room. As for example, when a submission is, when is the test and then widens. This despite the fact that the school has its own LMS. As a result, many phone calls and text messages that I had earlier pretty much ended. It mostly takes place on FB now. Every day I visit the page to check out the activity and answer questions if it is necessary.
Another interesting fact is the discuss the pupils have about issues of personal character in this room. As an administrator and a participant in the room, I can see what they are passionate about. They discuss everything from technical questions to matters of more private character. This allows me a greater degree of understanding what is happening between students in the class on the social side. On several occasions, conflicts and other issues have been identified this way. Eventually, the students were aware that I too could see what they wrote in the private chat room but it didn`t seem to have negative impact on what they wrote. Also, cases that I've taken up as a result of this chat, students apparently thought were okay. This allows the use of FB also important to keep up with the class environment outside the classroom.
Is everything just joy and cheer?
After using Facebook for about 3 months, I have not quite managed to get all the pupils in the "speech". Those who were not "visible" before has not significantly become more visible after I started using FB. They sometimes join to see what happens but does not participate with any questions or chat. Those who use the service are mainly girls. Certainly those who basically are very social and has many friends in the class. From this, one can say that I have not succeeded in my attempt. But the FB has become a low-threshold for my students where it is easy to connect and help with what they need help with. It has also been instrumental in helping to keep up with who's in the class of a more social character. These are issues that are important for both the class environment and for the individual student satisfaction and in turn academic outcomes.
In this first of two blogs, I will in this blog share experiences on the use of Facebook in school.
Here is the school where I work.
Why do I want to use (FB) in teaching?
In most classes where I teach, the number of pupils is between 28 and 30. This means that I rarely manage to have equal contact with all students during a lesson. Just as often I feel that I have not "seen" all the students and didn`t reach to help each pupil. Therefore, I would test out the FB to see if this could be of any help.
In brief, was the philosophy that I would meet the students in their area, namely the use of social media. In this way I would both be available as a teacher and also learn to know the pupils better. I chose to test this out in a 9.class, the subject was science. Before I created a group on FB I discussed with the class what the purpose was and what thoughts the pupils had about this. In short, the class felt that this was a good idea. Then they could meet each other in a common room at FB and see me as a teacher. The students did not want this to be an open group, but only class students and few teachers would have access.
After the FB group was created, there were much activity. Only 3 students chose not to join. 2 students were not allowed to be on the FB by their parents, and one pupil didn`t want to. Beforehand, I had decided that I would not accept that the students were my personal friends on FB. In the beginning there were many who wanted to be. After I had discussed this with the class and explained why I would distinguish between personal and business, there were no more requests.
"The Facebook song"
Use of FB in the class?
To try to keep this from being a place where the students only use FB for social issues, like talking to each other, I chose to start with technical questions and I wanted feedback. This proved to be wise. The students were quick to provide feedback on what was discussed in the post. Eventually, the students were also quick to come with questions to me and with questions to other students. Many students use FB to get help with their homework. This worked well at times. After a while, students began using the forum to ask for help in other subjects too. Some students have become very good at sharing and helping others with homework. Also, questions that are of a more administrative nature will be clarified in the room. As for example, when a submission is, when is the test and then widens. This despite the fact that the school has its own LMS. As a result, many phone calls and text messages that I had earlier pretty much ended. It mostly takes place on FB now. Every day I visit the page to check out the activity and answer questions if it is necessary.
Another interesting fact is the discuss the pupils have about issues of personal character in this room. As an administrator and a participant in the room, I can see what they are passionate about. They discuss everything from technical questions to matters of more private character. This allows me a greater degree of understanding what is happening between students in the class on the social side. On several occasions, conflicts and other issues have been identified this way. Eventually, the students were aware that I too could see what they wrote in the private chat room but it didn`t seem to have negative impact on what they wrote. Also, cases that I've taken up as a result of this chat, students apparently thought were okay. This allows the use of FB also important to keep up with the class environment outside the classroom.
Is everything just joy and cheer?
After using Facebook for about 3 months, I have not quite managed to get all the pupils in the "speech". Those who were not "visible" before has not significantly become more visible after I started using FB. They sometimes join to see what happens but does not participate with any questions or chat. Those who use the service are mainly girls. Certainly those who basically are very social and has many friends in the class. From this, one can say that I have not succeeded in my attempt. But the FB has become a low-threshold for my students where it is easy to connect and help with what they need help with. It has also been instrumental in helping to keep up with who's in the class of a more social character. These are issues that are important for both the class environment and for the individual student satisfaction and in turn academic outcomes.
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